POL 300
"DIPLOMACY AND PEACEMAKING"

Prof. Margaret P. Karns

Fall 2007

Contact Information
Office: St. Joseph Hall 203
Hours: Wednesday 2-4 and by appointment
Tel: 229-3538
Email: margaret.karns@notes.udayton.edu
Homepage: http://academic.udayton.edu/MargaretKarns

This special topics course, "Diplomacy and Peacemaking," will focus on diplomacy, negotiation, and mediation as techniques for ending (or preventing) armed conflicts, as well as on the roles international institutions play in peacemaking efforts. The course will employ a variety of active learning approaches such as negotiation exercises, simulations, and case studies of specific conflicts to help students explore the complexities of bilateral and multilateral negotiation processes, including the role of cultural differences. The breakup of the former Yugoslavia, the war in Bosnia, and Dayton Peace Accords will be the focus of a major case study during the semester. By focusing on both the roots and nature of contemporary conflicts as well as peace processes, the course will allow students to explore the challenges of creating conditions for diplomacy to achieve peaceful settlements, and for implementing terms of agreements to promote stable peace, development, and human rights in recent conflict situations such as El Salvador, Cambodia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, the Great Lakes Region of Africa, the Sudan, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and Iraq.

Course Objectives

• To gain a solid grounding in basic concepts of negotiation and third party interventions, including mediation
• To deepen understanding of the challenges of peacemaking in difficult conflict situations and of peace processes
• To increase awareness of the role regional and global institutions play in peacemaking efforts
• To develop problem-solving and analytical skills
• To improve capacity to think critically and to analyze policy choices and outcomes

Course Requirements and Grading

Readings, Class Preparation and Attendance policy: Just as you expect me to be prepared for class, you are responsible for doing all assigned readings prior to the class for which they are scheduled and for coming to class prepared to participate actively and intelligently. (I reserve the right to give periodic, unscheduled quizzes to check reading.) You are expected to attend all classes and to let me know if you must miss a class. The quantity and quality of class participation can positively or negatively impact all borderline grades.

If you must miss a class, you are responsible for getting notes from other students and for checking on any missed assignments. If illness or family emergency force you to miss an exam, you are expected to make every reasonable effort to notify me prior to the time of the exam. No make-up exams will be given without documentation of the reasons for absence and they should generally be taken within one week of the exam date. Late papers will be penalized 5 points per day of lateness, unless you have obtained prior permission for late submission.

Cheating and Plagiarism: Cheating and/or plagiarism will not be tolerated in any form. Cheating is defined as working with or borrowing from others on exams or quizzes. Plagiarism is defined as submitting another's work as your own or using someone else's words or ideas without proper attribution. It is particularly easy to plagiarize material from the Internet. You should know it is also relatively easy to discover plagiarism through the Internet! Students are responsible for making themselves aware of the University of Dayton's Policy on Academic Dishonesty. Any instance of cheating or plagiarism will result in an automatic zero (O) for the assignment and could result in a failing grade for the entire course.

Grading: Your performance in this course will be evaluated on the following basis:

• Two Exams (50%)
• Case Study Analyses (20%)
• Research Paper (20%)
• Class Participation (10%)
• Extra credit opportunities, including speakers — up to 5 points

Note: Guidelines on the assignments will be distributed separately.

Grade Scale:

• 93-100 A
• 90-92 A-
• 87-89 B+
• 83-86 B
• 80-82 B-
• 77-79 C+
• 73-76 C
• 70-72 C-
• 60-69 D
• Below 60 F

Required Books and Case Studies for Purchase:

• Starkey, Boyer, and Wilkenfeld, Negotiating a Complex World: An Introduction to International Negotiation (2005, 2nd ed.)
• Crocker, Hampson, and Aall, eds., Leashing the Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World (2007)
• Richard Holbrooke, To End A War (1999, rev. ed.)
• Shibley Telhami, "The Camp David Accords." Pew Case Study #445 to be ordered online at http://www.guisd.org
• Bjork and Goodman, "Yugoslavia, 1991-92: Could Diplomacy Have Prevented a Tragedy?" Pew Case Study #453. Order online at http://www.guisd.org
• Zenko, "Coercive Diplomacy Before the War in Kosovo: America's Approach in 1998" Pew Case Study #252. Order online at http://www.guisd.org

Course Schedule (subject to change)

Aug. 23 Introduction: Setting the Stage for Diplomacy

• Macmillan, "Introduction: Woodrow Wilson Comes to Europe" from Paris 1919 (2001) Reserve
• Nicolson, "Origins of Organized Diplomacy" from Diplomacy (1950), Res

Aug. 28-30 Case Study: Bringing Peace to Cambodia

• Richard Solomon, "Bringing Peace to Cambodia" Reserve
• Sorpong Peou, "Implementing Cambodia's Peace Agreement" Reserve

Sept. 4-11 "Getting to Yes" (or No): Negotiation and Diplomacy

• Starkey, Boyer, Wilkenfeld, Negotiating a Complex World, Chs. 1-3
• Touval and Zartman, "International Mediation," Ch. 25 in Leashing
• Raymond Cohen, "Negotiating across Cultures" Reserve

Sept. 13-20 Characteristics of Contemporary Conflicts

• Levy, "International Sources of Interstate and Intrastate War," Ch. 2 in Leashing
• Michael Brown, "New Global Dangers" Ch. 3 in Leashing
• Ted Gurr, "Minorities, Nationalists, and Islamists: Managing Communal Conflict in the Twenty-first Century" Ch. 9 in Leashing
• Edward Mansfield and Jack Snyder, "Turbulent Transitions: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War," Ch. 10 in Leashing
• Paul Collier, "Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and Their Implications for Policy," Ch. 12 in Leashing
• Nils Petter Gleditsch, "Environmental Change, Security, and Conflict," Ch. 11 in Leashing
• Frances Stewart and Graham Brown, "Motivations for Conflict: Groups and Individuals," Ch. 13 in Leashing

Sept. 25 Failed States and Conflict

• Robert I. Rotberg, "The Challenge of Weak, Failing, and Collapsed States," Ch. 6 in Leashing
• Mohammed Ayoob, "State Making, State Breaking, and State Failure," Ch. 7 in Leashing
• Gérard Prunier and Rachel Gisselquist, "The Sudan: A Successfully Failed State," Reserve

Sept. 27 Intractable Conflicts and Forgotten Conflicts

• Crocker, Hampson, and Aall, Taming Intractable Conflicts, Chs. 1 and 3 RES

Oct. 2-9 The Search for Peace in the Middle East

• Telhami, "The Camp David Accords" Pew Case Study **Order
• Baker, "The Road to Madrid" Reserve
• Egeland, "The Oslo Accord: Multiparty Facilitation through the Norwegian Channel" Reserve
• Starkey, Boyer, and Wilkenfeld, Negotiating A Complex World, Ch. 5, pp. 136-39, Reserve
• Christopher, "Diplomacy that Can't Be Delegated," New York Times December 30, 2004 on Reserve and available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/30/opinion/
  30christopher.html?oref=regi&pagewanted=print&position=
• Additional reading to be added

Oct. 11 Peace Processes

• Harold H. Saunders, "Pre-Negotiation and Circum-negotiation," Reserve
• Harold H. Saunders, "The Multilevel Peace Process in Tajikistan" Reserve

Oct. 16 Preventive Diplomacy

• Jentleson, "Preventive Statecraft: A Realist Strategy" Reserve
• Djalal and Townsend-Gault, "Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea" Reserve

Oct. 18-23 The Use of Force and Diplomacy

• Lawrence Freedman, "Using Force for Peace in an Age of Terror," Ch. 14 in Leashing
• Robert Art and Patrick Cronin, "Coercive Diplomacy," Ch. 17 in Leashing
• Michael O'Hanlon, "Expanding Global Military Capacity to Save Lives with Force," Ch. 18 in Leashing

Oct. 25 EXAM

Oct 30-Nov 1 The Roles of International Institutions in Peacemaking

• Brian Job, "An Institutional Architecture for Peace," Ch. 28 in Leashing
• Karns and Mingst, "The United Nations and Conflict Management: Relevant Or Irrelevant?" Ch. 29 in Leashing
• Paul Diehl, "New Roles for Regional Organizations," Ch.31 in Leashing
• Diana Chigas, "Capacity and Limits of NGOs as Conflict Managers," Ch. 31 in Leashing
• Pamela Aall, "The Power of Non-Official Actors in Conflict Management," Ch. 27 in Leashing

Nov. 6-20 Case Study of Yugoslavia and Bosnia: Could war have been prevented? Has Peace been built?

• Cousens and Cater, Toward Peace in Bosnia, Ch. 1, pp. 17-25 Reserve
• Power, "Bosnia: No More than Witnesses at a Funeral," Reserve
• Bjork and Goodman, "Yugoslavia, 1991-92: Could Diplomacy Have Prevented a Tragedy?" Pew Case Study **ORDER
• Touval, "Lessons of Preventive Diplomacy in Yugoslavia" Reserve
• Power, "Srebrenica: Getting Creamed" Reserve
• Holbrooke, To End a War
• Elizabeth M. Cousens, "From Missed Opportunities to Overcompensation: Implementing the Dayton Agreement on Bosnia," Reserve

Nov. 27 Case Study of Kosovo — the Failure of Diplomacy?

• Zenko, "Coercive Diplomacy Before the War in Kosovo," Pew Case Study **ORDER
• The Problem of Finding a Final Solution — Reading TBA

Nov 29-Dec 6 Can Diplomacy end the War in Iraq?

• Readings TBA

Dec. 12 10:00 - 11:50 FINAL EXAM